Inequality and Development in Latin America: A Procrastinated Debate

Conventional analyses of Latin American issues have not led to expected results. Therefore, the debate on development -with new courses of action- has been reopened. Within this debate equity emerges as a central topic, particularly in Latin America, which appears to be the most unequal region in the world, with growing negative trends and far-reaching repercussions. This is why Latin America is viewed as an "anti - exemplary" case.

Recent research has shown that there is little possibility of overcoming poverty in highly unequal societies. Bridging over the gap allows for an increased investment in human resources -a substantive aspect to overcome poverty. Furthermore, a strategy to improve equity can favourably influence domestic saving rates. Enhanced equity favourably affects technological development, as well as the creation of good conditions to strengthen the social stock. Likewise, much inequality adversely affects the "governance" eagerly sought by democratic societies.

Emerging working guidelines to face this condition include a new model of "shared development," based on participation of all members of the society. In this regard, some guidelines that should be central for action could be suggested. Health is the first unpostponable issue. Ensuring universal access to an adequate nutrition and high-quality public health systems is an unavoidable goal in any country. Positive discrimination policies with regard to underprivileged sectors is another relevant field.

Promotion of human resources is viewed as the central item of a new model of development and improved equity. This training of human resources is carried out in two inter-acting, major frameworks which should be actively supported by the State, the educational system and the family. The social stock has become a major issue in recent analyses on development. In this regard, Latin America should advance systematic policies to mobilise the tremendous latent assets in the region. Employment should be added to these areas. Without employment, every effort towards a better equity would be useless.